Propagated by seed, rooted cuttings, grafting, and budding. Hand pollination may be necessary. Young plants raised in a shaded nursery, usually in polythene bag. Plant after 4-6 months at spacing density of 1100-1200 trees/ha or wider spacings when growing conditions are exceptionally favorable. Soil requirements: at least 1.5 m deep, clay content 30-40%, a topsoil with at least 2% organic carbon, a cation exchange capacity of 120 mmol/kg and a base saturation of 35% such as well-drained Entisols (alluvial soils), deep and well-drained Inceptisols (volcanic and other origins), red or yellowish Ultisols and Alfisols (mineral-rich soils under forest). Low-hanging branches need to be pruned after 2-3 years to facilitate harvesting. To retain trees at the desired height chupons need to be removed at regular intervals
Tree Species (Scientific Name)
Theobroma cacao
Food
Fuelwood
Medicinal
English Common Name
Cocoa
Indonesian Common Name
Kakao, Coklat
Tree Family
Malvaceae
Average Leaf Size (cm)
32.5cm
Length
×
9.5cm
Width
Tree Height
Small (10–20m)
Elevational Range (m)
0–1000m
Distribution
Native
Exotic
Exotic in Indonesia
Native to
Region
Americas
Exotic in
SE Asia
Laos, Vietnam
Indonesia
Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Sulawesi, Sumatra
Coffee Agroforestry Information
Coffee System
Robusta
Arabica
Coffee Impact
Unknown
Prevalence
Unknown
Cultivation
Planted
Regeneration
Unknown
Tree Management
Tree Benefits and Uses
Farmer Uses
- Food
- Fuelwood
- Medicinal
Used to make oil and a stimulant.
Farm Services
- Unknown
Biodiversity Benefits
Yes
Used for foraging and perching by many bird species