Tree Species (Scientific Name)
Virola duckei
Food
Firewood
Lumber
Medicinal
Ceremonial
Peru Common Name
Cumala
Tree Family
Myristicaceae
Average Leaf Size (cm)
Unknown
Tree Height
Large (> 35m)
Elevational Range (m)
350–2000m
0 3000
Distribution
Native
Exotic
Native to Peru

Native to

Region
Americas
Latin America
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Coffee Agroforestry Information

Coffee System
Arabica
Coffee Impact
Beneficial to coffee
Prevalence
Not Common in Coffee Agroforestry
Cultivation
Natural
Tree Management
Has a low incidence of pests.

Tree Benefits and Uses

Farmer Uses
  • Food
  • Firewood
  • Lumber
  • Medicinal
  • Ceremonial
Used for construction. Source of a psychoactive sap and used as a hallucinogen by some Indigenous peoples. Sap used to treat fungal infections.
Farm Services
  • Coffee Shade
  • Soil Improvement
Coffee Shade: provides medium to sparse shade in a conical shape when young and in a cup shape when mature
Biodiversity Benefits
Yes
It houses arthropods in leaves, flowers and bark that serve as food for many insectivorous birds. The fruits are eaten by forest animals.

Citations

Citations

Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed 27 June 2022. Available from http://eol.org;

Virola duckei A.C.Sm. in GBIF Secretariat (2021). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Accessed on 2022-06-27. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei;

Bennett, B. C., and Rocío Alarcón. "Osteophloeum platyspermum andVirola duckei (myristicaceae): newly reported as hallucinogens from Amazonian Ecuador." Economic Botany 48.2 (1994): 152-158. Gradstein, S.R. 2022-7-12.;

Virola duckei A.C.Sm. En Bernal, R., S.R. Gradstein & M. Celis (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co;

Mendoza, A. L. M., & Guerrero, M. H. (2010). Catálogo de los árboles y afines de la Selva Central del Perú. Arnaldoa, 17, 203-242.