Propagated by budding, grafting, and seed. Can be pre-germinated in sand or sawdust then transferred to containers to be grafted and grown to a suitable size for planting. With intensive care can each grafting age within 2-3 months from sowing. Fruit for seed should be picked directly from the tree and should use well-drained pasteurized or sterilized potting media and water from a protected source or disinfected. Only extract seeds from mature trees free of sun-blotch viroid as it is seed-transmitted. Seed loses viability quickly and should be sown within 7 days. To prolong for several months dust seed with a copper fungicide and store in damp sawdust or peat in polythene bags at 4-6 C. Plant 2-3 seeds per site if sowing directly. Select strongest seedling for field grafting. Before planting 10 liters manure and 300 g of phosphorus should be incorporated to 50 cm depth at each planting area and lime or dolomite should be used to raise pH to 5.0-5.8 if necessary. Plant at 6-12 m on the square in planting pattern that allows for thinning to accommodate full-grown trees (i.e. 9 m x 6 m thinned to 12 m x 9 m). Close spacings improve yields for the first 6-8 years but thinning becomes necessary after this period. Long lived species