Tree Species (Scientific Name)
Arenga pinnata
Food
Lumber
Medicinal
Product
English Common Name
Sugar Palm
Indonesian Common Name
Aren, Enau, Kawung
Tree Family
Arecaceae
Average Leaf Size (cm)
900cm
Length
×
9.5cm
Width
Tree Height
Small (10–20m)
Elevational Range (m)
0–1400m
0 3000
Distribution
Native
Exotic
Native to Indonesia

Native to

Region
Asia
Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
Indonesia
Borneo, Sulawesi, Sumatra

Exotic in

SE Asia
Papua New Guinea
Indonesia
Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku Islands, New Guinea

Coffee Agroforestry Information

Coffee System
Arabica
Coffee
Coffee Impact
Unknown
Prevalence
Common in Coffee Agroforestry
Cultivation
Planted
Regeneration
Regenerates Naturally
Tree Management

Propagated by seed planted directly but sometimes wild seedlings are collected and transplanted. Young trees require shade and wind-breaks may be needed in exposed sites to prevent breakage of leaves. Plant at 6-7 m or about 250 trees/ha. Tree reaches full size in 6-15 years. Fibers can be collected after 5-6 years then every 2 years. Can tap when flowering begins but usually only done from male inflorescence stalks. One inflorescence produces ~5 liters sap/day and can be tapped for 1-2 months with 2-4 inflorescences tapped at a time. Sap production maximized with tall inflorescence. Sago requires cutting the trunk and therefore is the last product obtained. Generally only trees ≥30 years are cut. Best planted on steeper slopes, easily eroding lands, or in single or double rows near farm boundaries due to its heavy shade and extensive root system. Good soil stabilizer.

Tree Benefits and Uses

Farmer Uses
  • Food
  • Lumber
  • Medicinal
  • Product

The fruit is consumed, used as a stimulant, and can be sold at local market, and the sugar palm, packaged palm, and male flower stalks used to make brown sugar, the young shoots used in cooking, the sap used for palm wine, and palm sugar stem core used for sago. Fibers and leaves are used for roofing, tools, crafts, and as cigarette wrappers, and most products can be obtained without felling the tree. The young roots are used to treat kidney stones, the old roots are used to treat toothache, alcohol obtained from fermented juice and distilled and mixed with herbs and roots of other plants is considered a general-purpose medicine, the sugar is used as a laxative, and the fine pulp occurring between the leaf sheaths is used to speed up recovery from burn wounds.

Farm Services
  • Erosion Control
  • Unknown

Maintains water quantity.

Biodiversity Benefits
Yes

Important resource for the macaque group living in the heavily altered habitat, comprising more than 50 percent of its diet.