Propagated by cuttings. Direct seeding not recommended due to severe seed predation. Plant at 100-150 trees/ha. Seedlings need shade until 1.5 m height then gradually introduce to more sunlight. Require full sunlight when they reach 3-4 m height. Beneficial mycorrhizal association which can be established with forest soils to help promote growth, and increase tolerance to drought, high soil temperatures, soil toxicity (organic and inorganic), and extremely low soil pH. Grows best on deep loamy soils with a mean annual rainfall of 3300 mm and no dry season. Tree growth is moderately fast and trees reach 40-50 m in 50 years. Natural regeneration in the forest is robust but enrichment planting may be necessary. Resin can be harvested starting at 15-50 years and continue for 30 years. Tree rotation is approximately 50 years due to reduced photosynthetic and metabolic capacity if regular tapped by this age. Tree density of 100 trees/ha has an estimated resin production of 48 t/ ha per year.
Tree Species (Scientific Name)
Shorea javanica
Food
Lumber
Product
English Common Name
White Meranti
Indonesian Common Name
Damar, Damar Mata Kucing (Southern Sumatra), Damar Sibolga (Northern Sumatra)
Tree Family
Dipterocarpaceae
Average Leaf Size (cm)
10.75cm
Length
×
5.75cm
Width
Tree Height
Large (> 35m)
Elevational Range (m)
0–500m
Distribution
Native
Exotic
Native to Indonesia
Native to
Region
Asia
Indonesia
Java, Sumatra
Coffee Agroforestry Information
Coffee System
Robusta
Arabica
Coffee Impact
Beneficial to coffee
Prevalence
Common in Coffee Agroforestry
Cultivation
Planted
Regeneration
Unknown
Tree Management
Tree Benefits and Uses
Farmer Uses
- Food
- Lumber
- Product
Wood is used as plywood and veneer and its resin is used in paints and varnishes, in the linoleum industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic products, and as a food additive. Traditionally, the resin has been used for torches, caulking boats and baskets, and coloring batik. About 20 years after planting, it can become the main source of income and can last 40-50 years (depending on the intensity of tapping).
Farm Services
- Coffee Shade
- Soil Improvement
Soil improvement: roots have mycorrhizal association absorb and accumulate nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium
Biodiversity Benefits
Yes
Used by many birds for foraging, perching, and nesting.