Tree Species (Scientific Name)
                        Frangula sphaerosperma
                            
                            
                            
    Fuelwood
                            Lumber
                            Product
                            English Common Name
                                    West Indian buckthorn
                                    Colombian Common Name
                                    Cabo de hacha
                                    Tree Family
                            Rhamnaceae
                            Average Leaf Size (cm)
                            
            10cm        
        Length
    ×
    
            6cm        
        Width
    Tree Height
                            
                                    Medium (20–35m)
                                
                                                                    Elevational Range (m)
                            
                                        1580–2850m
                                    
                                         
Distribution
                            Native
                                            Exotic
                                            
                                                                                                            Native to Colombia
                                                                                                    
                                            Native to
Region
Americas
                                            Latin America
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela
                                                Colombia
Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Cundinamarca, Huila, Santander, Valle del Cauca
                                                Coffee Agroforestry Information
Coffee System
                                                            Arabica
                                Coffee Impact
                            Unknown
                                                            Cultivation
                            Natural
                                        Tree Management
                                                            Propagated by germinated seeds.
                                    Tree Benefits and Uses
Farmer Uses
                            - Fuelwood
 - Lumber
 - Product
 
Dyes are extracted from fruits. Used for the manufacture of posts and floors.
                                    Farm Services
                            - Unknown
 
Biodiversity Benefits
                            Yes
                                    Attracts biological control agents, Attracts seed dispersers. These plants are visited by insectivorous birds, including some slender-billed species. When they produce fruits, they are visited by frugivorous birds that can help in seed dispersal.
                                    Citations
Citations
                                    Plants of the World Online (POWO). (2024). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet. Retrieved from http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/;
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). (2024). IUCN Red List. Published on the Internet. Retrieved from https://www.iucnredlist.org/;
United States Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. (2024). Plants Database. Published on the Internet. Retrieved from https://plants.usda.gov/home/;
World Flora Online. (2024). World Flora Online. Published on the Internet. Retrieved from https://www.worldfloraonline.org/;
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). (2024). GBIF. Published on the Internet. Retrieved from https://www.gbif.org/es/